# test/karma.conf.js
...
    basePath: '<%= Bundler.root %>',
...
    files: [
      '<%= resolve_asset('vis.js') %>',
      'app/assets/javascripts/app.js',
      'test/**/*_spec.js'
    ],

# Rakefile
namespace :test do
  task js: :environment do
    with_tmp_karma_config do |config|
      sh "./node_modules/karma/bin/karma start #{config} --single-run"
    end
  end

  private

  def with_tmp_karma_config
    Tempfile.open('karma.js') do |f|
      f.write ERB.new(File.read('test/karma.conf.js')).result(binding)
      f.flush
      yield f.path
    end
  end

  def resolve_asset(file)
    Rails.application.assets.find_asset(file).to_a.first.pathname.to_s
  end
end